全语文的发展概述加拿大一直是全语文运动发展的重地。以魁北克省为例,它在《一至六年级的英语语文课程》(English-Language Arts I-VI)的官方声明中,规定语文课程必须是“全语文的、以儿童为中心的、统整的”。此外,其他省份亦纷纷把“全语文”观点应用在官方政策和实务改革中(Goodman, 1986, p.112-113)。
在英国,近年积极推行的“国家写作计划”(The National Writing Project,简称NWP),它部分理论的基础,就是建基在全语文的理念上(谢锡金、邓薇先、关之英、薛凤鸣,1995a,p.92-93),针对写作理论的研究、教学方法的改进,以期逐步提高学生写作能力的计划,其目的除了提高学童表情达意的能力外,还鼓励他们利用写作作为学习的工具。计划的特点如下(谢锡金、徐洁明、黄旭辉,1995,p.78-88;谢锡金、邓薇先、关之英、薛凤鸣,1995a,p.93):
1.写作概念(Perception of Writing)。
2.写作与学习的关系(Writing and Learning)。
3.写作对象(Audiences for Writing)。
4.写作伙伴( Writing Partnerships: Home, School and Community)。
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