在科学写作过程中,学生必须经过对具体问题情境的有关信息组织、理解、筛选、评价后再综合,其整个过程就是一个推理过程。近20年来,科学哲学提出了对科学推理本质一种新观点:“基于模型推理的科学认知论题”(the Scientific Cognitionas Model Based Reasoning Thesis)。该观点认为科学推理实质是语义过程。,[13]因此,科学写作和科学推理之间的密切联系逐渐被人们认可和重视。在教育实践教学方面,Keys[14]开(1994)展了对物理教学中科学写作的研究。其主要过程是让学生两人一组进行合作式的实验报告撰写,并设计了撰写报告的提示,学生在写作过程中运用适当的推理技能和不同小组之间的交流。经过四个月科学写作的教学,学生完成了十篇实验报告。Keys通过此项研究发现,科学写作有助于提升学生的某些科学推理技能:(1)学生利用观察、数据及其它相关信息作为证据或根据,以构建科学模型以对实验现象和实验结果进行解释能力的提升;(2)学生在对实验结果进行预测时,能主动复习自己原有知识并以此为基础,对新实验作出合理预测;(3)在学生对教科书作观点摘要时,由刚开始的原话照抄,慢慢发展到能将书中的句子改写或进一步解释,甚至能用自己的语言来表达他对科学思想的理解;(4)学生在应用比较、对比、解释等推理技能的准确度及清晰度方面具有明显的提升。
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