【内容提要】作为一段被符号化了的特殊时期,“80年代”正在陷入一场多方合谋的书写竞赛,事关“80年代”本来面目的许多重要问题正在被肆意改写和重构,其肇因皆在于对这一思想史上特殊时段的思想主线有意无意的背离。“80年代”的中心问题是“如何避免‘文革’的重演?”而中心论题则是“反封建”。整个“80年代”文化思潮的演变环节依次是“反‘文革’”,“反封建”,“反传统”,再往后才是所谓“文化热”,而贯穿各个环节的中心线索是对“文革”的反思。“启蒙”是整个“80年代”的基本属性,从“反‘文革’”到“反封建”到“反传统”,全都是在“启蒙”。因此,整个“80年代”都属于“新启蒙”时代。
Abstract: As a special, symbolized period, the decade of 1980s has become an historical chapter various parties have conspired to make the writing of it a literary race. As a result, many issues that are crucial to representing the decade in its original face have been revised and reconstructed at will. Whether intentionally or not, the main ideological thread that runs through this special period has been dimmed with aberrations. The author argues that the central issue of 1980s is “how to prevent the Great Cultural Revolution from happening again”, and the central topic is “anti-feudalism”. The cultural and ideological evolution of the entire 1980s is from “anti-Cultural Revolution” to “anti-feudalism”, then to “anti-tradition”, and lastly to the so-called “cultural zeal”. The whole evolutionary process is interspersed with reflections on the Great Cultural Revolution. Enlightenment is the essence of the entire 1980s, for it underlies the transition from “anti-Cultural Revolution” to “anti-feudalism” to “anti-tradition”. In other words, the entire 1980s belongs to the epoch of “New Enlightenment”.
在人文时间的长河中,某些特定的时刻、某个特殊的年代,因具有特殊的意义而常常被后人赋予某种特殊的地位,因而被屡屡提起并持续放大。20世纪中国的“80年代”,就是这样一个让人难以忘怀的年代。尽管20世纪90年代和21世纪初叶的中国,在经济、政治、文化、综合国力和社会生活诸方面,都取得了“80年代”所无法比拟的辉煌成就和巨大进步,但这些依然无法掩盖和冲淡“80年代”在思想史上的光辉。所以,自“80年代”终结二十多年来,这一特定时段一直是学界议论的中心话题之一。综观这些议论,笔者感到,作为一个被“叙述”和被“重构”的对象,“80年代”这一段离我们最近的历史,在今天竟然变得扑朔迷离,甚至面目全非,尽管它的创造者和当事人仍然健在。