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小学英语拓展型教学应注意的三个方面

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发表于 2013-6-18 06:42:02 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
小学英语拓展型教学应注意的三个方面 2011年07月26日  作者:蔡新芳  来源:英语周报·教师版
  课堂上恰到好处的拓展不仅可以大大提高课堂效率,而且会成为课堂的亮点。在进行拓展型教学时,我们一定要注意“适度、适当、适宜”。
  一、适度——注意拓展型教学的难易度
  【案例】
  我校一位教师给乡下一所学校四年级的学生“送教”,授课的话题是“食物”。在拓展环节,她选用了参加市小学英语优质课评比时编写的故事《小熊请客》:
  Bear: What would you like?
  Rabbit: I'd like some carrots.
  Bear: Sorry!What would you like?
  Monkey: I'd like some bananas.
  Bear: Sorry!What would you like?
  Cat: I'd like some fish.
  Bear: Sorry!
  Rabbit, Monkey & Cat: What do you have?
  Bear: I have bread.
  Rabbit, Monkey & Cat: Ah-Oh!
  【反思】
  该教师在自己班里试教的时候,由于班里的学生已经学习过What would you like?这一句型,所以他们很快就理解了这个故事。可是到乡下去上课的时候,由于那里的学生英语基础不够扎实,而且What would you like?按教材进度来讲是五年级才学的内容。因此这一拓展内容在这里就显得难了一些。如果该教师课前就考虑到学生的已有知识水平与接受能力,将What would you like?这一句型改为What do you like? I like...并重新创设一个情境,拓展将会取得更好的效果。
  【结论】
  拓展并不意味着教学难度的加深。教师在对课堂教学内容进行拓展时,一定要考虑学生的已有知识与认知水平。拓展要在学生所掌握知识的基础上进行,给学生一种“跳起来摘桃子”的学习兴趣,让学生通过自身的努力取得成功。
  二、适当——注意拓展型教学的实用性
  【案例】
  一次公开课上,教师在讲完句型What are you going to do?后,拓展部分的任务是让学生当“小导游”,带领外宾进行“江山一日游”。活动过程中,教师利用课件给学生出示了如下线索:
  Hello, everyone. Welcome to Jiang-shan. My name is ... I am your guide. In the morning, 我们打算去江郎山。In the afternoon, 我们去野餐。In the evening, 我们去购物。Thank you. Have a good time!
  【反思】
  教师为学生设计的这一拓展内容有很大的局限性,学生只能根据这个语言框架进行复述、翻译,而且整个拓展环节缺乏真实的情境,学生并没有将所学的知识真正运用到生活中。
  期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆
  根据学生的知识水平与能力,我们可以将这个拓展环节设计为:
  先利用课件展示江山的名胜古迹(如江郎山、仙霞关、月亮湖),让学生明白该从哪些方面去介绍,然后给学生出示这样一段话:
  Hello, everyone!Welcome to Jiangshan. I'm your guide. My name is Sally. We are now at the Moon Lake. It's very big and beautiful. The lake looks like a moon. There are many trees around the lake. The water is clean and cool. You can see many fish in it. The fish in the lake is very yummy. You can row a boat in the lake, too. You can play cards in the boat and enjoy the sunshine.
  (教师示范的内容要尽量多一点,这样学生才更容易明白应该怎样拓宽自己的思维,怎样利用所学的知识来介绍景点。)
  接着,教师再给学生出示如下语言框架:
  Hello, everyone!Welcome to Jiangshan. I'm your guide. My name is ___. We are now at ___. It's ___. The ___ are ___. The ___ is ___. You can see ___. You can ___. Have a good time!
  最后,教师让学生根据上面的语言框架自主选择一个景点进行有目的、有准备的介绍。
  【结论】
  语言学习的关键在于运用,课堂拓展时也要强调拓展教学的现实意义,注意拓展型教学的实用性。
  三、适宜——注意拓展型教学的个性化
  【案例】
  教授完形容词比较级的构成方法后,为了让学生灵活运用所学形容词的比较级,笔者设计了这样一个拓展活动:说说新年的变化。
  首先,我在课件上出示了几段话,在优美的钢琴曲中,我为学生朗诵:
  In the new year, my house is cleaner than before. The wall is whiter and the floor is cleaner.
  In the new year, the plant in my living room is taller than last year. It's greener than last year, too.
  In the new year, I have a new bag. It's bigger than the old one. I like it very much.
  然后,我让学生每人说一段话来描述自己发现的“新年变化”(要求运用所学的形容词的比较级)。经过几分钟的准备,学生们的精彩发言开始了:
  In the new year, my feet are bigger than last year. I wear bigger shoes now. So my mother buys me a pair of new shoes. I like them very much.
  In the new year, my cat is stronger than last year. It likes eating fish very much. So it becomes fatter and fatter. It can catch more and more mice.
  In the new year, my mother's hair is whiter than last year because she works very hard very day. She is older than before. I love my mother very much.
  In the new year, my father has a new computer. It's smaller and lighter than the old one. My father shares the computer with me. Sometimes I play computer games and sometimes I surf the Internet. I like it very much.
  ...
  【反思】
  这样的拓展活动给学生提供了一个展示自我的舞台,相比选一篇含有形容词比较级的文章让学生来学习,这样的拓展活动更能有利于学生的个性化发展。
  【结论】
  教师在设计拓展型教学活动时,要关注学生的个体差异,要让不同的学生都能根据自己的英语能力及生活阅历创造性地组织语言。
  (浙江省江山实验小学 蔡新芳)



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