林肯在香格里拉酒店发表‘艺术与设计’的演讲

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林肯在香格里拉酒店发表‘艺术与设计’的演讲

My first idea when asked to speak with you was to paint a work of art
and talk about design. But a better thought accoured, it is how we think
of design and art. The differences and the similarities. The differences
between design and art lie not so much in how they look as in what
they do: They have different purposes, they are made differently,
they are judged by different criteria, and they have different audiences.
当我听说你们要我和你们对话时，我的第一个想法是想画一张画用它说明设计，
但最后，我还是决定用说来代替。艺术与设计之间的区别不在于他们看起来有
多不用，而在于他们的目的和作用不同。他们的创作方法不同，人们判断他们
的标准也不同。
     Design in the commercial sense is a very calculated and defined process,
it is discussed amongst a group and implemented taking careful steps to
make sure the objectives of the project are met. Design is the how of a thing:
how to order the parts, how to serve the client's interests, how to convey
the information. Art, on the other hand, is its own end. It subordinates ordinary
usefulness to its own purposes. It doesn't concern itself with description the
way illustration does, nor with the desires of the buyer as does fashion,
nor the tastes of the public as does style
设计在商业意义上是一个艺术化的精确计算的过程，它由一连串的讨论和具体的
执行组成，以确保该项目的目标都得到满足。设计师的设计愿望有时会因客户特殊
要求而受限制。例如，他选择的石头、玻璃、或是木头在做材料、风格是现代的、
古典的、或罗马式的等等、都按客户的要求来做。而真正的艺术则不受任何限制和
约束，它用自己的方式描述世界，他的创作与有没有人购买无关，也不迎合普通大
众的口味。
     Since in the Renaissance, artists have aspired to the status of philosophers.
       And beginning the mid-1800s, many artists chose to stand apart from worldly
       life in order to critique it, to forsake the programs of patrons in order to set their
       own  programs, to discard the public moral code to promote a different code.
       Although many artists claim to address their art to the world, their method has
       been to take from the world only on their terms and give back as they see fit.
       This is definitely not the way of design, which considers the world's purpose
       first and fits the work to that end.
      从文艺复兴时期开始，艺术家们向往能成为哲学家，从 19世纪中叶开始，许多艺术家
    选择生活在世俗圈子之外，观察着社会、批判着社会，他们建立自己的精神世界，
    并游走在不同艺术形式之间、碰撞出创作的灵感，不惧怕在世俗前展示自己的作品。
    他们不受社会规则的约束，他们以他们的生活准则生活。他们设计出了一条通往自己
    精神世界的路，并在其中如赤子般的玩耍、喜乐。
    Most of us think, correctly, of the artist standing before the blank canvas, pondering the beginning and the end of the painting all at once. Any good artist should convey a message or inspire an emotion it doesn't have to adhere to any specific rules, the artist is creating his own rules. Art is something that can elicit a single thought or feeling such as simplicity or strength, love or pain and the composition simply flows from the hand of the artist. The artist is free to express themselves in any medium and color scheme, using any number of methods to convey their message. No artist ever has to explain why they did something a certain way other than that this is what they felt would best portray the feeling or emotion or message.
   艺术家与设计师的创作方式不同，设计师以世界的需求为第一，为世界的需求而设计，而艺术家只为了表达自己。我们大多数人认为，艺术家们站在空白画布面前，开始思索、然后动手，就简单地结束了一次创作。我认为任何好的艺术家在表达自己情感时候的创作是没有任何具体的规则可以描述的，艺术家们创造自己的表现规则。它可以源自是一片落叶、一声叹息或一座高山之巅。艺术家可以选择任何方法来表达自己，他可以雕刻木头或石头、也可以画画或唱歌、他还可以通过各种媒介来传达自己对世界、宇宙的理解，他可以拍电影、弹钢琴、拉二胡或小提琴。
不同类型艺术家们都已经告诉我们为什么他们的作品可以千锤百炼，留传万代千古，就在于，他们本真地忠于自己的内心，创造出了没有过的人文精神财富。
    On the other hand, the designer typically begins with more than a blank canvas or lump of clay from which anything may emerge. Many of the components may already exist, such as the text, photographs, production formats, and even the basic colors. The designer consults the client on the end use, the audience, the size and scale, and other factors. The designer's role is to envision how these various aspects should come together in a tangible thing and to bring aesthetic sensibility, taste, and technical skills to bear on the production of the job. To put it bluntly, the designer arranges the ingredients.
   在另一方面讲，设计师在设计某件作品时，他的许多设计元素组成部分可能已经存在，比如文字、照片、施工的材料、设计师征询客户的想法，考虑观者的规模和范围，以及其他因素。设计师的作用是如何将这些设想的方方面面有效地安排到一起，使视觉产生美感，进而呈现出平面设计、室内设计、景观设计等等符合时代的、社会的、个人的现代生活需求。
Many designers are artists and many artists are designers, the line between the two is complex and intriguing. I have noticed that many artists are not creating a unique, almost chaotic portrait of their innermost selves or inspirations rather they were clearly using popular trends to capture the attention of the viewer. Many pieces of art today are "throwbacks" of past artists styles or color and simply refreshed for public consumption. The very fact that older artists inspire newer artists seems to contradict the whole definition of art. These artists are following a method, a pattern or a standard that has already been established by another artist and therefore they are not creating something completely new rather following instructions laid down by a previous artist rendering that piece to be more design than art. I believe money may have a lot to do with this but some popular commercial artists of today may very well be popular commercial designers.
许多设计师是艺术家，而许多艺术家是设计师，这两者之间的复杂而有趣。我注意到，当今许多从事艺术的人都没有创造出一个富有独特个性的艺术面貌，他们忽略了内心的感受和启示，利用捕捉流行趋势来讨好大众。许多艺术作品今天也是过时的艺术样式，无需创新，仅供大众消费。这一事实本身使艺术陷入一个尴尬的境地、艺术家们似乎矛盾了整个艺术的定义。面目模糊的艺术家们的作品更多的成为了被自己设计过的作品。
现代物质社会无可否认能带来创作上的许多便利，一些与此流行的商业艺术家的今天也很可能是流行的商业设计师。